Pharmaceuticals | Pharma

• Pharmaceuticals are substances used to cure, treat, or prevent diseases. Technical name a drug or medicine for medical purposes.
• Pharma are generally classified by their add the body (Pharmacological effect) and by therapeutic use.
• Pharmaceuticals are classified into various origins based on their pharmacological or chemical properties, pharmacological activity, biological system effects & therapeutic effects.
• The most widely used arrangement is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical arrangement.
• The World Health Organization(WHO) keeps an inventory of essential medicines.                     

Classes of drugs: 

• Antipyretics: Reducing fever Paracetamol                                                    
• Analgesics: Reducing pain, Aceclofenac, Diclofenac and Tramadol HCl
• Antimalarial drugs: Treating malaria, Hydroxychloroquine              
• Antibiotics: Inhibiting germ growth, Cefixime, and Cefroflexine
• Antihypertensive: Control of blood pressure, Amlodipine, and atenolol
• Antidiabetic: Control of blood glucose, Metformine and Gliclazide
• Antipsychotic: Treatment of psychological problems, Olanzapine
• Statins: Lovastatin, Pravastatin, and Simvastatin

Drug nomenclature

• The drug is the systematic naming of medicine, especially pharmaceutical drugs. Most medicines have three sorts of names: Chemical, Generic, and Brand.
• The most important of which is the IUPAC name; generic or non-proprietary names,
• The most important International non-proprietary names are trade names and brand names.
• Generic names for drugs have classified the drugs into different categories and also separate drugs within categories.
• A marketed drug may additionally have an Organization code or compound code.

Different Drug Names

         Chemical Name                                                  Generic Name   Brand name

• N-acetyl-p-aminophenol                                       Paracetamol      Crocin
• 2-(4-(2methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid         Ibuprofen          Nuprin
• 2-Acetoxy carboxylic acid                                     aspirin             Aspirin

• Generics could also be manufactured by less prominent companies or manufactured on an equivalent assembly line as branded products.
• Generic brand products are of comparable quality as branded products but are commonly made up of lower-grade ingredients, or less attention to appearance or flavour.
• A generic brand may be a consumer product without a widely known name or logo because it typically is not advertised.
• Generic brands are known for their very basic packaging and labels, and lower prices.
• A drug or pharmaceutical brand could also be created when the patent of a reputation brand drug expires.

Considerations:

• A drug or pharmaceutical could also be created when a name-brand drug's patent expires. In the United States for most drug patents, the patent term is about 20 years. 
• There is also an exclusivity period length which depends on the drug type and its use. 
• Once a patent is satisfied, manufacturers are permitted to supply a generic, chemically identical version of the proprietary drug. 
• At the top of the generic's period of exclusivity, the other manufacturer which will prove that it can do an equivalent drug efficacy may make a generic version of that drug.
• Some manufacturers may even create a generic version of their proprietary drug, either by manufacturing it themselves or contracting it bent another manufacturer. 
• This strategy is sensible because insurance firm policy often dictates that a generic, when available, must be prescribed. 
• Generics are sold at a reduction from name drugs, often about 80% less. Due to competition, margins on generic drugs are often very thin.
• Most pharmaceuticals utilized in made in nations like China and India or use ingredients that come from those countries.
• The defence department purchases 80% of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to make drugs within the US, which are said to return from China and other countries like India.
• The United States of America is the world leader in producing new medicines or drugs.
• The country's strong intellectual property laws, including a relatively free-market system, encourage firms to research new treatments.

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